Releases

The company that became IBM was incorporated as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company.

IBM Research AI Systems

Bill Gates and Paul Allen found Microsoft, beginning the company that would later build a broad AI research, cloud and product portfolio.

Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates founded the company later renamed Oracle Corporation.

Microsoft completes its initial public offering on Nasdaq, establishing the public-company lineage represented by MSFT.

Microsoft establishes Microsoft Research to pursue long-term computer-science research, including speech, vision, machine learning and artificial intelligence.

Jeff Bezos founded Amazon in Bellevue, Washington; the company later expanded from ecommerce into cloud computing, devices and artificial intelligence.

Deep Blue

Amazon completed its initial public offering on Nasdaq under the ticker AMZN.

Larry Page and Sergey Brin incorporate Google, building a search company that would later become a major AI research, infrastructure and product provider.

Robin Li and Eric Xu founded Baidu in Beijing.

Facebook, the company later renamed Meta, was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Google completes its initial public offering on Nasdaq, establishing the public-company lineage now represented by Alphabet's GOOGL and GOOG shares.

Baidu's American depositary shares began trading on Nasdaq under BIDU.

Amazon Mechanical Turk

AWS AI and Machine Learning

CUDA · 1.0

Google forms the Google Brain research initiative to pursue large-scale deep learning and neural networks.

Watson DeepQA

IBM Watson

AlexNet, trained on NVIDIA GPUs, won the ImageNet competition and helped catalyze modern deep learning adoption.

Facebook completed its initial public offering on Nasdaq under the ticker FB.

Baidu Brain

Databricks was founded by seven University of California, Berkeley researchers who helped create Apache Spark.

Andreessen Horowitz led Databricks' first institutional financing to commercialize Apache Spark.

Facebook formed its dedicated AI research laboratory, later known as FAIR, under Yann LeCun.

AlphaGo

Cortana

Baidu Brain

Xiaoice

Databricks raised $33 million to expand its cloud platform for large-scale data processing.

cuDNN · 1.0

Alexa

Facebook acquired natural-language interface startup Wit.ai to strengthen conversational AI capabilities.

Amazon agreed to acquire chip-design company Annapurna Labs, strengthening its ability to build custom silicon for AWS.

Azure Machine Learning

Amazon Machine Learning

IBM Watson Health

Alexa Skills Kit

Baidu AI Cloud

Google completes its reorganization under Alphabet Inc.; Google becomes the principal operating subsidiary while Alphabet becomes the publicly traded parent.

AlphaGo

TensorFlow

Apollo

OpenAI launched as a nonprofit artificial intelligence research company with a mission to ensure artificial general intelligence benefits all of humanity.

Co-founder Ali Ghodsi became chief executive officer of Databricks.

Clément Delangue, Julien Chaumond, and Thomas Wolf founded Hugging Face in New York, initially building a conversational AI companion before pivoting toward open machine learning.

Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit

AlphaGo

Microsoft takes the Tay social chatbot offline after coordinated abuse caused it to produce offensive content, prompting a public review of safeguards and social-AI deployment.